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Satyagraha –
Unspoken Strength
Celebrating 100 years of his participation and the leadership in burning the
pass, which was a peaceful protest against South Africa’s discrimination and its
apartheid policies, Gandhi still ‘lives’ in South Africa. Maybe not in flesh but
definitely in spirit.
Known in India as the ‘Father of the Nation’ he left an indelible impact on
world philosophy. Never has Gandhi been more relevant or important as in the
present day terror infested world. The symbol of peaceful resistance on Gandhi’s
greatest unspoken strength was made visible by him through Satyagraha.
Satyagraha was a philosophy based on truth, ‘pure’ truth and a clearly defined
wrong. To get justice or resist any wrong for Gandhi, the weapon was without
force and falsehood and the removal of the wrong was not an end in itself.
Gandhi’s Satyagraha was based on moral power, on the power of non-violent
protest a true expression of the common man.
Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi hailed from Porbandar in Gujarat and on 25th July,
2008 a series of bombs in Ahmedabad transformed Gandhi’s state of birth into a
state of terror. One of the world’s greatest messenger of peace, Gandhi’s own
land of origin way back in 2007 became a hub of inhuman crimes. Thus Gandhi’s
methodology of non-violent resistance Satyagraha becomes increasingly relevant
in today’s environment of unease.
Gandhi in his quest for freedom and the building of a modern independent Indian
identity used indigenous practises to showcase India’s traditional wisdom
through traditional philosophy and handicrafts such as the charkha and khadi.
Khadi became the fabric of freedom.
Shantiniketan was founded by the noble laureate Rabrindranath Tagore as an
alternate art-learning institute to the British system of art education. He took
a leaf from the traditional Indian system of learning akin to that of a ‘gurukul’,
where the teacher and the taught had a symbiotic relationship. He also brought
in a visionary blend of Asian and western thoughts. Tagore and Gandhi had a fond
affinity for one another despite their differences in matter of politics,
nationalism, and social reform.
A product of Shantiniketan, Nandalal Bose had a spirit of nationalism and
allegiance to Gandhi and to the Congress. It was best manifested in his posters
for the Haripura Congress in 1937.
Satyagraha/Unspoken strength takes off from Gandhi’s personal inclination of the
use of art to mobilise people. Fifteen contemporary Indian artists were invited
to interrogate their own personal interpretation of the notion of Satyagraha.
With the opening of the markets in India and it becoming an increasingly
significant player in the world, Indian art too has found a place in the scene.
Till the turn of the century traditional Indian arts and crafts like sculpture,
painting, textiles and handicrafts had a niche status bordering on the ‘exotic
east’ as India started racing ahead in the twenty first century contemporary
Indian art, along with Chinese Contemporary art entered the domain of
contemporary global art practices.
From the ‘gesture of the divine’ where traditional Indian art was created for
ritual practice and divine worship, the early modernists in post independent
India started establishing their own independent voices. Beginning with Raja
Ravi Varma, Amrita Shergil followed by the pioneers of individual language in
contrast to the anonymous craftsmen of traditional India. Spearheaded by Francis
Newton Souza, S. H. Raza, M.F. Husain, S. K. Bakre and Tyeb Mehta, the
development of Indian art has continued with a steady evolution with an unbroken
tradition with the past. In fact this unbroken tradition with the past is at
once India’s strength and yet also provides great challenges because of
fissures, fractures of modernity. India’s modernity has its own journey very
affluent to the Western/occidental world since for more than 200 years India was
a colony of the British Empire.
India is relatively a young independent country barely crossing sixty years of
age but in the last 5 years has catapulted itself amongst the future notions of
the world who will be shaping world business and politics internationally.
Nationally India inspite of its long developing notion status has stood the test
of time due to its plural, liberal and multi-vocal character. The strong
constitutional and institutional frameworks set up by the visionary leaders of
independent India, the Fabian socialism adopted by our first Prime Minister
Jawaharlal Nehru is apparent in the strength of its democratic forces today.
With the progressive government policies of economic growth the rise of the
great Indian middle class, both external and internal investments, the success
of the IT sector and the burgeoning BPO sector India is now the most favoured
destinations of the world. From spiritual tourism to urban luxury brands coming
in, India ‘rocks.’
In such a climate, contemporary Indian art too has made its mark. Contemporary
Indian artists are asserting their identities with buyers, collectors, hedge
funds, museum and public collection. Contemporary Indian art has jumped from
being predominantly an object of aesthetic pleasure to being part of the
financial investment structure. Akin to holding on to blue chips stocks and
shares contemporary India art is also being collected for its
‘financial/investment’ value.
The collector’s are not only rich Indians or the wealthy Non Residential
Indians, the latter buying art for nostalgia for the homeland and an assertion
of their identity.
This is boom time for contemporary Indian artists where the two posters boys
leading the parade are the modernist, the feisty yet controversial MF Husain who
is presently in Dubai working on massive project to create 99 paintings on Arab
culture by the Qatar royal family, as well as a commission for Laxmi Mittal on
‘The History of Indian Civilization’. And then the enfant terrible of Indian art
Subodh Gupta - known as New Delhi's Damien Hirst, who has moved into the record
making million dollar bracket.
Indian art today is in its own way a ‘marker of Indian identity’ an identity,
which is assured, confident and ready to take on anything hands own. There is an
unspoken strength in the galloping prices of Indian contemporary art, which is
gaining rapid grounds outside the auction houses like Sotheby’s and Christies.
Dr.
Alka Pande
Curator
Monsoon 2008
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